ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis in fetuses with trisomy 13. MATERIAL METHOD: The present study consisted of all fetuses diagnosed of trisomy 13 and delivered at Ramathibodi Hospital between 1997 and 2006. RESULTS: There were 15 cases of trisomy 13. Twelve cases (80.0%) were detected by prenatal ultrasonographic examination, and 3 cases (20.0%) were missed. Mean maternal age was 31.4 years old. Sixty-six percent were diagnosed in 2" trimester (mean 19.4 weeks). The earliest gestational age for detection was 12 weeks 6 days. The most common abnormal ultrasonographic findings were holoprosencephaly (46.7%), and facial defects (40.0%). CONCLUSION: The accuracy of prenatal sonographic diagnosis in trisomy 13 fetuses was 80%. The most sensitive prenatal ultrasonographic findings in trisomy 13 were holoprosencephaly and facial defects.
Subject(s)
Adult , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics , Face/abnormalities , Female , Gestational Age , Holoprosencephaly/diagnosis , Humans , Pregnancy , Risk Factors , Trisomy/diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
HIV-1 drug resistance may limit the use of antiretrovirals when attempting to reduce the vertical transmission rate. Establishing the prevalence of the HIV-1 mutations associated with antiretroviral resistance in pregnant women will enable clinicians to maximize the chances of preventing vertical transmission. In order to determine the prevalence of HIV-1 resistant strains among antiretroviral-naive pregnant Thai women, the nucleotide sequences of the HIV-1 polymerase (pol) gene were evaluated. The plasma samples were collected from the women during the 34th week of pregnancy: numerous secondary mutations could be found in the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease gene, while no primary mutations in the pol gene were found. The result also showed that by detecting the delta32bp deletion within the CCR 5 locus, it was evident that none of HIV-1 infected individuals had homozygous or heterozygous delta32bp deletions of the CCR5 gene; moreover, no CCR5 gene mutations were found in any individual.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics , Endopeptidases/genetics , Molecular Epidemiology , Female , Gene Deletion , Genes, pol/genetics , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Reverse Transcriptase/genetics , HIV-1/genetics , Heterozygote , Homozygote , Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Mutation/genetics , Phylogeny , Population Surveillance , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , Prevalence , RNA, Viral/genetics , Receptors, CCR5/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Thailand/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The purpose was to study nuchal translucency thickness of normal Thai fetuses in the first trimester. From January 1996 to June 1999, there were 1,970 pregnant women, whose gestational ages were between 10 to 13(+6) weeks of gestation, who attended the Down syndrome screening clinic. Nuchal translucency (NT) thickness measurement was used as the screening method for Down syndrome. When the result showed an increased risk for Down syndrome, the patient was counselled and the invasive test for the definite diagnosis was optional. Pregnant women who had had an abortion and/or congenital anomaly babies were excluded. Only pregnant women who had normal newborns were recruited in this study. There were 1,631 pregnant women who had normal newborns in this study. The mean maternal age was 28.70 +/- 5.14 years. There were 222 (13.6%) pregnant women whose ages were more than or equal to 35 years. There was quadratic correlation of an increase in nuchal translucency and the crown-rump length (CRL) in normal fetuses in the first trimester. The quadratic equation was log10 NT = 1,215 x 10(-4) CRL-8.7 x 10(-4) CRL(2)-3.7037. The normal fetuses with nuchal translucency thickness more than or equal to 2.5 mm were found in 1.23 per cent in this study. In conclusion, there was quadratic correlation of nuchal translucency thickness and crown-rump length of first trimester fetuses in a Thai population.